12/05/2026 06:04:33

Authors: 1025 VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS; 2-s2.0-85149523343

Journal: United Kingdom||Switzerland||Germany||United Kingdom||France||France||Sweden||New Zealand||United Kingdom||France||Italy||United States||Italy||France||Germany||Spain||Israel||France||United Kingdom||United Kingdom||United States||France||Germany||Italy||Finland||United States||France||Italy||Italy||Italy

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DOI: University of Leicester||University of Zurich||Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research||Mullard Space Science Laboratory||Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris||Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie||Swedish Institute of Space Physics||University of Canterbury||University of Leicester||Sorbonne Paris Cité||Università degli Studi di Padova||University of Santa-Cruz||Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS)||CNRS||Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research||UPV/EHU||Weizmann Institute of Science||Observatoire de Paris||Imperial College London||University of Leicester||Space Science Institute||Aix Marseille University||University of Rostock||ASI - Italian Space Agency||University of Oulu||NASA Goddard Space Flight Center||Université de Nantes||Università di Bologna||Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS)||Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF-IAPS)

Volume: Fletcher L.N.; Helled R.; Roussos E.; Jones G.; Charnoz S.; Andre N.; Andrews D.; Bannister M.; Bunce E.; Cavalie T.; Ferri F.; Fortney J.; Grassi D.; Griton L.; Hartogh P.; Hueso R.; Kaspi Y.; Lamy L.; Masters A.; Melin H.; Moses J.; Mousis O.; Nettleman N.; Plainaki C.; Schmidt J.; Simon A.; Tobie G.; Tortora P.; Tosi F.; Turrini D., Issue: 2022, Pages: Fletcher||Helled||Roussos||Jones||Charnoz||André||Andrews||Bannister||Bunce||Cavalié||Ferri||Fortney||Grassi||Griton||Hartogh||Hueso||Kaspi||Lamy||Masters||Melin||Moses||Mousis||Nettleman||Plainaki||Schmidt||Simon||Tobie||Tortora||Tosi||Turrini-Of all the myriad environments in our Solar System, the least explored are the distant Ice Giants Uranus and Neptune, and their diverse satellite and ring systems. These ‘intermediate-sized’ worlds are the last remaining class of Solar System planet to be characterised by a dedicated robotic mission, and may shape the paradigm for the most common outcome of planetary formation throughout our galaxy. In response to the 2019 European Space Agency call for scientific themes in the 2030s and 2040s (known as Voyage 2050), we advocated that an international partnership mission to explore an Ice Giant should be a cornerstone of ESA’s science planning in the coming decade, targeting launch opportunities in the early 2030s. This article summarises the inter-disciplinary science opportunities presented in that White Paper [1], and briefly describes developments since 2019.

Abstract

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