Authors: TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND; 2-s2.0-85142182651

Journal: United States||Switzerland||United States||United States||United States||United States||United States||United States||United States||Italy||United States||United States||Switzerland||United States||France||Spain||United States||Italy||Switzerland||Belgium||Italy||Germany||United States||Italy||France||France||United States||Spain||Italy||United States||Italy||United States||United States||United Kingdom||France||United States||Italy||Spain||United States||Germany||Germany

Published: cc-by

DOI: NASA Headquarters||University of Bern||Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory||Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory||California Institute of Technology||NASA Goddard Space Flight Center||University of Maryland||Massachusetts Institute of Technology||Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory||INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma||University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||California Institute of Technology||University of Bern||Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory||IPAG||Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial||Auburn University||INAF- Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste||University of Bern||Royal Observatory of Belgium||INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova||Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science||University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign||University of Padova||Laboratoire Lagrange||Université de Toulouse||Auburn University||Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial||INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova||Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory||IFAC-CNR||University of Colorado Boulder||Planetary Science Institute||University of Liverpool||Laboratoire Lagrange||Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory||Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Aerospace||Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)||University of Central Florida||DLR Berlin||Freie Universität Berlin

Volume: Statler T.S.; Raducan S.D.; Barnouin O.S.; DeCoster M.E.; Chesley S.R.; Barbee B.; Agrusa H.F.; Cambioni S.; Cheng A.F.; Dotto E.; Eggl S.; Fahnestock E.G.; Ferrari F.; Graninger D.; Herique A.; Herreros I.; Hirabayashi M.; Ivanovski S.; Jutzi M.; Karatekin O.; Lucchetti A.; Luther R.; Makadia R.; Marzari F.; Michel P.; Murdoch N.; Nakano R.; Ormo J.; Pajola M.; Rivkin A.S.; Rossi A.; Sanchez P.; Schwartz S.R.; Soldini S.; Souami D.; Stickle A.; Tortora P.; Trigo-Rodriguez J.M.; Venditti F.; Vincent J.-B.; Wunnemann K., Issue: 2022, Pages: Statler||Raducan||Barnouin||DeCoster||Chesley||Barbee||Agrusa||Cambioni||Cheng||Dotto||Eggl||Fahnestock||Ferrari||Graninger||Herique||Herreros||Hirabayashi||Ivanovski||Jutzi||Karatekin||Lucchetti||Luther||Makadia||Marzari||Michel||Murdoch||Nakano||Ormö||Pajola||Rivkin||Rossi||Sánchez||Schwartz||Soldini||Souami||Stickle||Tortora||Trigo-Rodríguez||Venditti||Vincent||Wünnemann-NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is the first full-scale test of an asteroid deflection technology. Results from the hypervelocity kinetic impact and Earth-based observations, coupled with LICIACube and the later Hera mission, will result in measurement of the momentum transfer efficiency accurate to ∼10% and characterization of the Didymos binary system. But DART is a single experiment; how could these results be used in a future planetary defense necessity involving a different asteroid? We examine what aspects of Dimorphos’s response to kinetic impact will be constrained by DART results; how these constraints will help refine knowledge of the physical properties of asteroidal materials and predictive power of impact simulations; what information about a potential Earth impactor could be acquired before a deflection effort; and how design of a deflection mission should be informed by this understanding. We generalize the momentum enhancement factor β, showing that a particular direction-specific β will be directly determined by the DART results, and that a related direction-specific β is a figure of merit for a kinetic impact mission. The DART β determination constrains the ejecta momentum vector, which, with hydrodynamic simulations, constrains the physical properties of Dimorphos’s near-surface. In a hypothetical planetary defense exigency, extrapolating these constraints to a newly discovered asteroid will require Earth-based observations and benefit from in situ reconnaissance. We show representative predictions for momentum transfer based on different levels of reconnaissance and discuss strategic targeting to optimize the deflection and reduce the risk of a counterproductive deflection in the wrong direction.