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Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1): XXX. The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine E – Ensemble classification of strong gravitational lenses: lessons for Data Release 1★

Authors: AREA MIN. 02 - Scienze fisiche; ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS###0004-6361; 57473067700; 7401938216; 57191290632; 9239802400; 23968123900; 58911394800; 59208171800; 55886521200; 57205730219; 59724480100; 57535859700; 58666622600; 57190942170; 58090912100; 58521236800; 57193489486; 7101983827; 55932248600; 55731742600; 6603213706; 8856476200; 55668778200; 7801607411; 57211567711; 58419113700; 13204971700; 55929371000; 36237905600; 57200031027; 57218283726; 8527480900; 9337191600; 57213830231; 55539553700; 57193558463; 57188806951; 57203916956; 7004614529; 57199319204; 59317261300; 57539221800; 22836264500; 7003485288; 42962524600; 49362192900; 57198020851; 7003305712; 57212384492; 55443707500; 6701390827; 6701409861; 14629998500; 56176939800; 8651648800; 35241679100; 57220414927; 24482926400; 6505819655; 57225389323; 35421870300; 7102960752; 7004185737; 55600275300; 6701447926; 7004168457; 7004279376; 35117442400; 57219376526; 56592859600; 8316050500; 7004719199; 57193414472; 24439181000; 55948641800; 54924573500; 7007018277; 56260193000; 55543336500; 37121732700; 7003910265; 6507398813; 55757270100; 59636105400; 7004529134; 26663174300; 6602521535; 7006071419; 38961266500; 6701458135; 6506323808; 55978579700; 6601991850; 6602678698; 57198386027; 6602348000; 56181792800; 57202592808; 24587025200; 9639653200; 56239931500; 36627225700; 6506341877; 56592156500; 24173378000; 14630273900; 57206536839; 36657273100; 57203599140; 12809267200; 22979454100; 9270789600; 14008117700; 6603519641; 10240830400; 7202555066; 16024707000; 6603380199; 36663730200; 35425530800; 23485209600; 55885669700; 35227493200; 37123976000; 55578049300; 56216916000; 7102120605; 6603602446; 58754493800; 56149076900; 6603623670; 6603205767; 6603770482; 56403356600; 36195926600; 35070066100; 14058603600; 10239419900; 14025617800; 57815020000; 6506385309; 56463558800; 55779479900; 13407562800; 7102174334; 56229506700; 14056466700; 7102846243; 36542679900; 55665939900; 7005525798; 14832846900; 7004208543; 7102775303; 35299820900; 7004629002; 8764087600; 35216145800; 7006833728; 14050522100; 56118600700; 58095754900; 57203234808; 55913343900; 57544565000; 7003604949; 57203250534; 15770290900; 6602930238; 57190439701; 7006538931; 8842216700; 6506955003; 36490343100; 55337191500; 7402364894; 57225899623; 57190443165; 8915699600; 7004160690; 57219119015; 15129157800; 48663031800; 36844794400; 57218941481; 14063887300; 54797318800; 55845420026; 55435714500; 6602208520; 6602315420; 14823864100; 58502049600; 57220082325; 55414427600; 58937209900; 7004109829; 17436196900; 57203391123; 57191960842; 6701439004; 6602565951; 6506892358; 57191419742; 60212929500; 56286395400; 59730206000; 7101771030; 56273947300; 8042894900; 7005350024; 9333441800; 46461103400; 56818885600; 6602409206; 36905906400; 6603819488; 6602458029; 9337037600; 9244606800; 58696967900; 58073729200; 23050749700; 6506425834; 57845873200; 26326923900; 6603351766; 59146418100; 57220131178; 57203270249; 57222902516; 56512377200; 7005050491; 35194662000; 7003963996; 57203063840; 35387346400; 42260895600; 36730729100; 6701547091; 7102844957; 7102798954; 57194590572; 23027139300; 35789534500; 14820320500; 59421337500; 7006764136; 7405386498; 57214989073; 57193874792; 57211860571; 7103030457; 56653598400; 58621464800; 35112881300; 34569356300; 35072386500; 7003369464; 57199061795; 55976971800; 7401603740; 24074399500; 7006314412; 7004293616; 57200793436; 57193553705; 58112082700; 57189231035; 7003900144; 55420010100; 57322480400; 7004144883; 7003645652; 57193849410; 8703100100; 55944081300; 56242244500; 7005222927; 15131601400; 7202545187; 36674792500; 24279354600; 6603265387; 8833942900; 55741929700; 36966126400; 59774401700; 57218097629; 56153170500; 56403277600; 26642611400; 57892676500; 57213763435; 57219756241; 57193556700; 59464420900; 57219691072; 6701851021; 57218549969; 57210924350; 6508080858; 35490928600; 6701309093; 7004197698; 6701685211; 6603292899; 22951241500; 56383649900; 55246080700; 7006221760; 58848224900; 57218766355; 35422761600; 57189089616; 57220897961; 55885031100; 58127526800; 57192212259; 7003762062; 56285291900; 16031797900; 56993656500; 56187440700; 58182594100; 10642144300; 35401143000; 57207198854; 57201003368; 58696967800; 55965473600; 55370653600; 57211858405; 6603851717; 59735517100; 56448179900; 57132747000; 58483607200; 6504758580; 57188565951; 14632583100; 55822387500; 57215412075; 55195649400; 35463408300; 7404952697

Journal: 26750

Published: 2026

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202554617

The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is expected to identify in the order of 100 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses across 14 000deg2. The Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) of 63.1deg2 Euclid images provides an excellent opportunity to test our lens-finding ability, and to verify the anticipated lens frequency in the EWS. Following the Q1 data release, eight machine learning networks from five teams were applied to approximately one million images. This was followed by a citizen science inspection of a subset of around 100 000 images, of which 65% received high network scores, with the remainder randomly selected. The top scoring outputs were inspected by experts to establish confident (grade A), likely (grade B), possible (grade C), and unlikely lenses. In this paper we combine the citizen science and machine learning classifiers into an ensemble, demonstrating that a combined approach can produce a purer and more complete sample than the original individual classifiers. Using the expert-graded subset as ground truth, we find that this ensemble can provide a purity of 52 ± 2% (grade A/B lenses) with 50% completeness (for context, due to the rarity of lenses a random classifier would have a purity of 0.05% and the best machine learning network in this work achieved 7.3% purity for the same completeness). We discuss future lessons for the first major Euclid data release (DR1), where the big-data challenges will become more significant and will require analysing more than ∼300 million galaxies, and thus the time investment of both experts and citizens must be carefully managed.

Volume: 711

Keywords: gravitational lensing: strong; methods: data analysis; methods: statistical;

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1): XXVI. The Strong Lensing Discovery Engine A – System overview and first lens sample★

Authors: AREA MIN. 02 - Scienze fisiche; ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS###0004-6361; 57191290632; 57473067700; 59208171800; 55932248600; 58911394800; 7401938216; 58521236800; 56118600700; 55668778200; 57211567711; 7801607411; 57193489486; 7101983827; 57190942170; 55886521200; 57205730219; 58666622600; 59724480100; 57535859700; 58544914400; 55929371000; 58090912100; 6701458135; 59317261300; 57199319204; 9239802400; 23968123900; 57204700965; 12809267200; 54787290500; 56800920800; 24426754000; 56800306600; 57193558463; 59936695900; 55731742600; 6603213706; 8856476200; 25640885400; 57090221700; 8680454200; 7006314412; 57200031027; 57218283726; 8527480900; 57213830231; 55539553700; 59936599000; 57196642780; 59932604100; 57188806951; 57203916956; 58419113700; 7004614529; 57539221800; 57210265918; 13204971700; 42962524600; 49362192900; 7003485288; 57198020851; 7003305712; 8270263200; 57212384492; 55443707500; 6701390827; 6701409861; 14629998500; 56176939800; 8651648800; 35241679100; 57220414927; 24482926400; 6505819655; 57225389323; 35421870300; 7003804366; 7004185737; 55600275300; 6602293713; 6701447926; 7004168457; 7004279376; 35117442400; 57219376526; 56592859600; 8316050500; 7004719199; 57193414472; 7004614794; 24439181000; 55948641800; 54924573500; 7007018277; 56260193000; 55543336500; 37121732700; 7003910265; 6507398813; 55757270100; 56018146100; 59636105400; 7004529134; 26663174300; 6602521535; 7006071419; 38961266500; 6506323808; 55978579700; 6601991850; 57198386027; 6602348000; 24461026200; 56181792800; 57202592808; 24587025200; 56239931500; 36627225700; 6506341877; 56592156500; 24173378000; 14630273900; 57206536839; 8724245000; 36657273100; 57203599140; 22979454100; 9270789600; 14008117700; 9337191600; 6602694835; 6603519641; 7102513091; 7202555066; 7006022077; 16024707000; 6603380199; 36663730200; 35425530800; 23485209600; 55885669700; 35227493200; 37123976000; 55578049300; 56216916000; 7102120605; 6603602446; 7005760971; 58754493800; 56149076900; 6603623670; 6603205767; 6603770482; 56403356600; 36195926600; 35070066100; 14058603600; 10239419900; 14025617800; 57815020000; 6506385309; 56463558800; 55779479900; 13407562800; 7102174334; 56229506700; 8058520300; 14056466700; 7102846243; 55665939900; 7005525798; 14832846900; 7004208543; 7102775303; 35299820900; 7004629002; 8764087600; 35216145800; 7006833728; 14050522100; 58095754900; 57203234808; 55913343900; 57544565000; 7003604949; 57203250534; 15770290900; 6602930238; 57190439701; 7006538931; 8842216700; 6506955003; 36490343100; 55337191500; 7402364894; 57225899623; 57190443165; 8915699600; 7004160690; 57219119015; 56881732300; 15129157800; 48663031800; 36844794400; 8833942000; 57218941481; 13407890400; 14063887300; 54797318800; 6701484532; 55845420026; 55435714500; 6602208520; 6602315420; 57194728774; 14823864100; 58502049600; 57220082325; 55414427600; 58937209900; 56768046600; 7004109829; 17436196900; 57203391123; 57191960842; 6701439004; 6602565951; 6506892358; 57191419742; 60212929500; 56286395400; 59730206000; 7101771030; 56273947300; 8042894900; 7005350024; 9333441800; 46461103400; 56818885600; 6602409206; 36905906400; 6603819488; 6602458029; 9337037600; 9244606800; 58696967900; 58073729200; 23050749700; 6506425834; 57845873200; 26326923900; 59146418100; 57220131178; 57203270249; 57222902516; 56512377200; 7005050491; 35194662000; 7003963996; 57203063840; 35387346400; 42260895600; 36730729100; 6701547091; 7102844957; 7102798954; 57194590572; 23027139300; 35789534500; 59421337500; 7006764136; 7405386498; 57214989073; 57193874792; 57226191281; 57211860571; 7103030457; 56653598400; 57216741288; 58621464800; 35112881300; 34569356300; 35072386500; 7003369464; 57199061795; 55976971800; 7401603740; 24074399500; 57200793436; 57193553705; 58112082700; 7003900144; 55420010100; 57322480400; 7004144883; 7003645652; 57193849410; 8703100100; 55944081300; 56242244500; 15131601400; 58030558500; 7202545187; 36674792500; 24279354600; 55505778800; 6603265387; 8833942900; 55741929700; 36966126400; 59774401700; 57218097629; 56153170500; 56403277600; 26642611400; 57892676500; 57213763435; 57219756241; 57193556700; 59464420900; 57219691072; 6701851021; 57218549969; 57210924350; 6508080858; 35490928600; 6701309093; 7004197698; 6701685211; 6603292899; 22951241500; 56383649900; 55246080700; 7006221760; 57218766355; 35422761600; 57219752207; 42262265600; 57189089616; 57220897961; 55885031100; 58127526800; 57192212259; 7003762062; 56285291900; 16031797900; 56993656500; 56187440700; 55672552800; 58182594100; 10642144300; 35401143000; 57207198854; 22836264500; 6701410946; 57201003368; 58696967800; 55965473600; 55888485900; 55370653600; 57211858405; 6603851717; 59735517100; 56448179900; 57132747000; 58483607200; 6504758580; 57188565951; 14632583100; 55822387500; 57215412075; 55195649400; 35463408300; 7404952697

Journal: 26750

Published: 2026

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202555141

We present a catalogue of 497 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses in the Euclid Quick Release 1 data (63 deg2). In the initial 0.45% of Euclid’s surveys, we double the total number of known lens candidates with space-based imaging. Our catalogue includes 250 grade A candidates, the vast majority of which (243) were previously unpublished. Euclid’s resolution reveals rare lens configurations of scientific value, including double-source-plane lenses, edge-on lenses, complete Einstein rings, and quadruply imaged lenses. We resolve lenses with small Einstein radii (θE < 1″) in large numbers for the first time. These lenses were found through an initial sweep by deep learning models followed by Space Warps citizen scientist inspection, expert vetting, and system-by-system modelling. Our search approach scales straightforwardly to Euclid Data Release 1 and, without changes, would yield approximately 7000 high-confidence (grade A or B) lens candidates by late 2026. Further extrapolating to the complete Euclid Wide Survey implies a likely yield of over 100 000 high-confidence candidates, transforming strong lensing science.

Volume: 711

Keywords: catalogs; gravitational lensing: strong; methods: statistical;

Improving pseudo-labelling for semi-supervised single-class instance segmentation via mask symmetry scoring

Authors: Hurst Bradley; Bellotto Nicola; Bosilj Petra

Journal: PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS

Published: 2026

DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2025.11.044

Volume: 200 Pages: 60-66

Causality-enhanced decision-making for autonomous mobile robots in dynamic environments

Authors: Castri Luca; Bellotto Nicola; Beraldo Gloria

Journal: EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS

Published: 2026

DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2026.131246

Volume: 309